西藏自然疫源性疾病及医学昆虫

A Summary of Natural Focus Diseases and Medical Insects in Tibet

西藏位于我国西南部,存在着各种自然疫源性疾病,鼠疫始终处于活跃状态,西藏山南和日喀则地区还存在炭疽、布鲁氏菌病和狂犬病等自然疫源性疾病。对该地区的人群血清学调查还发现了类鼻疽、莱姆病、弓形体、Q热等人群抗体阳性者,应重视该地区这种特殊生态环境所构成的自然疫源地。对西藏边境口岸145名尼泊尔人进行了立克次体的血清抗体检测,结果发现有抗斑疹伤寒、斑点热、Q热血清抗体阳性,提示应加强该地区的检疫监测工作。西藏隆子、山南、日喀则地区进行的小型兽类及其体外寄生螨的调查结果显示,虽然未发现恙虫病的已知媒介种(纤恙螨属的螨种),当地正常人血清也未发现恙虫病立克次体抗体,但发现该区岩栖纤恙和乌兰纤恙螨数量多,分布广,应引起注意。森林地带和灌丛草地捕获的游离蜱以长须血蜱为主,由于长须血蜱个体较小,进入林区的人员应多加注意。喜马拉雅山东段广大地区,吸血双翅目昆虫主要危害类群是蠓,蚋其次,虻、蚊数量有限;危害主要场所是地势平坦有小溪的灌木草丛或沼泽草地。

Tibet, which situates in the south west of China, maybe the potential area of various natural focus diseases, the plague in this area is always active. In Shannan and Rikaze District of Tibet there still exist natural focus disease such as anthrax, burcellosis and rabies etc, and the antibody with malleoidosic, lyms disease, toxoplasmaosis, Q fever were also found in this area by Zhang Qiens through seroepidemiological investigation. Zhang Panhe detected sera of 155 Nelpalese. This investigation found positive antibody of typhus, spotted fever, Q fever and suggested that we should strengthen survey and detection in this area and pay attention to this kind of natural focus diseases area formed by the peculiar e cological environment. The investigation on small mammals and mites in Longzi, Shenman and Rigaze District of Tibet showed that the L. Rupestre mites and L. Wulanlensis mites were numorous and distributed widely and an observation on HFRS should be taken. The Haemaphysalis aponomrroides are the major ticks in the forest zone and brush grassland. Because their body shape is small, those people who enter the forest should pay more attention to Haemaphysalis aponommoides. In the most of eastern Himalaja maintains area, the major harmful blood—sucking Diptera are midges, followed by the simuliidae, the god flies and mosquitoes are fewer. The most dangerous area to human is Cuona county; the second is Longzi county, the third is Yadong county. The most dangerous spots are flat land with brushes stream or marsh lard.