粘土矿物资源在新材料及相关领域的应用

Applications of Clay Minerals Resouces in New Materials and Related Fields

对粘土矿物资源中最常用也最有应用前景的高岭土、膨润土、滑石三种矿产近年来在国内外的最新加工处理工艺进行了归纳,如粘土的分选、提纯、脱色、漂白、粉碎、有机复合等,介绍了粘土矿物资源在新材料及相关领域的部分重要应用,如高岭土用作填料、涂料、高技术陶瓷及人工沸石的合成等,膨润土用作农药、吸水剂、显色剂、高速印刷油墨及凝胶等,而滑石则在化妆品和医药制造上得到了应用.认为必须大力开展粘土矿产的应用和精加工技术研究,加强资源、材料和化工等部门的技术合作,并指出今后粘土研究开发的方向是酸碱处理、插层复合、结构模拟和人造粘土等.

Clay mineral resources,especially kaolinite,bentonite and talc are playing an important part in new materials and related fields.The main processing techniques of the three kinds of clay minerals were reviewed.After treated by different pro- cesses,clay minerals could be used in advanced ceramics,rubber and plastics,spe- cial paint,developing dye,synthesized zeolite,inorganic gel and sol materials.In order to enlarge the applications of clay minerals,it is suggested that physical and chemical purifying,inorganic and organic intercalation,synthesized clays such as zeolite and mica should be studied in more detail.It is emphasized that more atten- tion on some unique crystalline structures of nanosized laminate,tube and cellular- like in clay minerals such as ophiolite and imogolite should be taken to design new materials.