我国主要产烟省烤烟元素组成和化学品质评价

The Evaluation of the Chemical Elements and Some Organic Components in Flue—Cured Leaf Tobacco from the Main Tobacco Production Provinces of China

分别于1993年1994年在云南、贵州、河南、山东、辽宁和安徽省采用随机取样的方法，对我国近两年来烟叶化学组成进行了比较全面的分析。结果表明：我国烟叶营养元素平均含量整体上均处于正常范围，但不同地方有不同的问题。南方烟区氮肥使用的不合理情况比北方严重，烟叶钙含量过高，南方少数地区可能会因土壤绝对镁含量低而缺镁，北方石灰性土壤有可能因钙镁比例失调而出现缺镁，云贵硫含量超标样品高达20％以上。个别地方烟叶氯含量大于1．5％，但少数南方烟区部分烟叶的氯含量低于0．1％，应适当补氯。贵州、云南、山东等省的烟叶匀有50％以上烟叶铜含量低于15mg／kg，应考虑施铜，河南有些烟叶的锌含量低到无法检测，应补锌，贵州烟叶硼含量约有一半低于15mg／kg，可以考虑补硼。我国烟叶钠和铝的含量均是以河南为最高，但镉的含量却是云南和贵州高于其它省份。烟碱和还原糖整体上均处于正常范围，均以河南烟叶最接近美国认定的最佳含量，云南和贵州部分中部烟叶烟碱含量大于5％和6％，严重超标，贵州烟叶还原糖含量变异最大。

The contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg, S, Cl, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Na, Al, Cd,nicotine and reducing sugar in flue - cured tobacco samples collected from Yunnan,Guizhou,Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Liaoning Provinces in 1993 and 1994 were analyzed and the results showed that P, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, B, nicotine and reducing sugar of most samples from all the provinces were in normal range. The average N content of tobacco leaves of China was 1. 688%, and those from North China were less than those from South China, which indicated that the N dosage in South China was not so properly used as North China. The average K content was 1. 81%, much higher than that in 60s and 70s. The K contents from South China, usually greater than 2. 0%, were higher than those from North China, usually about 1. 5%. The average Ca content was 3. 45%, and greater than average K content. Some tobacco leaves might be in deficiency of Mg because of low available Mg content in the soil of South China or Ca-Mg unbalance in the calcareous soil of North China. More than 20% tobacco leaves contained S more than 0. 8%, the critical content permitted for highest S content. As a whole Cl contents of more than 98% tobacco 1eaves were less than 1%, most of sarnples contained Cl less than 0. 5% some of them were even less than 0.1 %, but about 1 % samples contained Cl more than 1. 5%. There was little possibility of Fe deficiency in fluecured tobacco of China. Mn contents of tobacco leaves were low as a whole, but higher than the critial concentration. Cu contents of about 50% samples from Guizhou, Yunnan and Anhui Provinces, and some from the other provinces were less ahtn 15mg/kg,and so maybe the application of Cu fertilizer is necessary in China. Some samples from Henan Province contained n which could not be detected out, and Zn application is absolutely necessary in those soil. About half of the samples from Guizhou Provinces contain B less than 15mg/kg, and in such soil B fertilization is needed. Samples from Henan Province contained nicotine, 2. 54%, and reducing sugar, 17. 64%, very close to the best values of USA standard. Some Yunnan and Guizhou samples contained nicotine more than 5% and 6%, which were tnuch more than quality tobacco leaves needed.