26例心脏创伤的外科处理

Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Trauma

本文报道26例心脏创伤处理经过,其中穿人性12例,医源性8例,闭合性6例。16例行急诊手术,包括缝合心肌裂口,去除心肌异物,闭式二尖瓣分离,清除心包腔血块和胸腔引流术。Ⅱ期和 /或择期手术10例,其中二尖瓣替换术 2例,三尖瓣替换术2例,主动脉瓣成形术1例。心内膜起搏电极感染去除2例,心室间隔缺损和右心室室壁瘤缝补术1例,左冠状动脉至肺动脉瘘1例。心包积血缩窄和右下肺弹头去除1例。 诊断主要依据为大量失血休克,心脏压塞,心脏出现杂音,心电图显示心肌损害,心包穿刺阳性等。条件允许时可行超声心动图和床旁摄片检查,心脏创伤合并瓣膜损害,VSD,室壁瘤和动脉心腔瘘等需施行超声心动图和多普勒检查确诊,必要时需施行心腔或大血管造影明确诊断。26例均经手术治疗,25例痊愈出院。死亡 1例,死亡率为 3.7％。

From 1954 to 1996, 26 patients with trauma of the heart were treated surgically. The causes of trauma injuries were penetrating wounds in 12 cases, nopenetrating traumatic injuries in 6 cases and medical cause in 8 cases. The indication for operation were cardiac tamponade, massive hemorrhage, foreign bodies and infection, trauma causing valve dysfunction and septal perforation. One of the operated patients died accounting for 3.7 % .Diagnostic method includes pericardicentesis and two- dimensional echocardiography and Doppler.