东北亚古老克拉通油气勘探新领域及资源潜力

NEW OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION FRONTIERS AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF OLD CRATONS IN THE NORTHEAST ASIA

古老克拉通(8—18亿年前)基础上发育的盆地是全球90年代和下一个世纪油气勘探的热点。在东北亚,这一类型的盆地有中国的塔里木、华北和俄罗斯的东西伯利亚。古老的地层(包括元古宇与古生界)具有良好的烃源岩和油气生成、运移、聚集的过程。多期构造运动、多个不整合面,造成油气多次聚集、逸散、再聚集,形成了许多独特的大型非常规油气圈闭和分布模式。中、新生代不同程度的继承性下陷和沉积,对油气藏的保存是有利的,对古老油气藏的改造也是明显的,并形成了独特的油气系统。古老地层的巨大沉积岩体积、丰富的烃类物质和后期良好的保存条件都表明这一类型盆地具有很大的天然气和石油潜力。

For a long time,the demand for oil and gas resources in NE Asian countries including China has been increasing quickly;meanwhile,this broad region is one of the richest petroleum resource areas in the world.The basins developed on these old cratons (0.8—1.8 Ga B.P.) are the hot regions for petroleum exploration in the 1990s and next century.These basins include the Tarim Basin and Huabei Basin of China and the East Siberian Basin of Ruasia.The old strata including the Proterozoic and Paleozoic have excellent source rocks which have experienced the process of petroleum generation,migration and accumulation.Multiple tectonic movements and multiple unconformity surfaces brought about hydrocarbon accumulation,escape and reaccumulation several times,thus forming many unique unconventional oil/gas traps and distribution models. The inherited subsidence and deposition during the Mesozoic and Cenozioic were favorable for hydrocarbon preservation and also have great influences on the reformation of old oil/gas pools to form some special petroleum systems on these old cratons.The huge sedimentary volume,abundant hydrocarbons of the old strata and subsequent good preservation conditions show that these basins have great gas and oil potential.