抗旱播种灌溉技术及相关理论的发展现状与展望

The Current Situation and Prospect Draught-Resistant Irrigation Techniques During Seeding and Its Concerned Theories

干旱缺水已成为制约我国粮食生产再上新台阶的极为重要的因素，发展节水、经济抗早播种灌溉技术是适合我国国情的一条增产增收之路．从５０年代到今天，抗旱播种灌溉形式由人工坐水播种发展到半机械化坐水播种，逐渐向大面积推广．播种灌溉时的灌水位置和灌水量应根据土壤水动力学的理论来确定；从１８５６年ＨｅｎｒｉＤａｒｅｙ提出达西定律以来，土壤水动力学从经验到理论日趋完善；耕作栽培方式和灌溉方式对土壤水热运动的影响成为该领域的研究热点．文中指出入渗、蒸发和土温问题是确定播种灌溉时灌水位置和灌水量的前提，是亟待解决的问题。

Aridity is a very important factor for limiting the increase in crop production in China.To develop irrigation seeding due to its water-saving and money -saving is a method to be suited for extension in the arid areas in China.Since 1950,the type of irrigation sowing has been developed from manual Zuoshui sowing to semi-mechanized seeding.During seeding,irrigating location and volume are determined according to the theories of soil dynamic hydraulics,and these theories have been improved from experience to theory since Henri Darcy presented Darcys law at 1856. Recent years,in this field,effect of the type of tillage and irrigation on the movement of soil water and heat is becoming central issue.This paper presents that the problems of permeatation,evaporation and soil temperature are basis for determination of irrigating location and volume during seeding,and they are solved urgently.