斑尾榛鸡冬季生态研究

WINTER ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE CHINESE GROUSE (BONASA SEWERZOWI)

冬季斑尾榛鸡出现集群行为，所见最大群为１４只，集群与取食沙棘相联系，食物密集，抵御天敌，是斑尾榛鸡冬季集大群的主要原因。根据取食行为的观察，整个研究阶段斑尾榛鸡的主要食物是柳芽及嫩枝，占８０．４％，１～２月斑尾榛鸡偏食沙棘的果实，占６８．３％．云杉树是斑尾榛鸡逃避天敌的主要庇护所，斑尾榛鸡取食时８０．８％的情况在距云杉树１５ｍ以内。３～４月雌住斑尾榛鸡取食树芽的速度大于雄性，这可能与移殖前期雌鸟更强的营养需要有关。

From January to April 1995, we studied the winter ecology of Chinese grouse (Bonasa sewerzowi) at the Lianhuashan Natural Reserve in Gansu Province, especially on the flocking behavior and feeding behavior. The Chinese grouse formed flocks in the winter, the largest flock size we observed was 14 birds. Upon to our study, the flocks larger than 5 birds were in close relationship with the feeding on the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), as the sea buckthorn was distributed incluster shape and on the south slope, made it more dangerous for Chinese grouse to forage in. We suggested that the main reasons for flocking were the food concentration and the communal benefits against the avian predators. The main food of Chinese grouse during our study period was willow buds and tender twigs, account for 80. 4% of all our observations. In Jan. and Feb., the Chinese grouse were favoured on the fruits of sea buckthorn. The spruce trees were thought to be served as sanctuary, 80. 8% of our observations on the feeding of Chinese grouse were within 15m from the spruce trees. When in flock, the Chinese grouse had more chance to feed farther than 15m from the spruce. The speed of females feeding on the buds in Mar. and Apr. was higher than the males (t test, P<0. 05), maybe related to the more energy requirement of the females during pre-breeding period.