华北地区野生环颈雉集群行为的研究

STUDIES ON THE AGGREGATING BEHAVIOUR OF WILD RING-NECKED PHEASANT

１９８９～１９９４年冬季对分布在北京松山（ＳＳ）、百花山（ＢＨＳ）、山西庞泉沟（ＰＱＧ）三个自然保护区及山西宁武县天池附近（ＮＷ）的环颈雉Ｐｈａｓｉａｎｕｓ ｃｏｌｃｈｉｃｕｓ的集群行为进行了研究。野外共进行了２７３次观察，见到环颈雉７３８只，其中８３．３３％的个体营集群生活。环颈雉的集群倾向在不同地区之间存在着显著差别：在山西宁武县的天地一带，集群个体仅占种群总数的５３．１０％，而 在北京松山自然保护区内，集群个体的比例高达８９．５０％．不同性别环颈雉的集群倾向也有明显差别，雄性较雌性更偏爱单独活动。环颈雉的集群有明显的性别隔离现象，由单一性别构成的群体占所观察群体总数的９１．９４％．混合群多见于秋末和冬初，为集群的早期阶段。冬季集群的群体大小在各地区之间有极显著的不同（单因素方差分析， Ｆ＝７． ８１０， Ｐ＜０． ００１），其平均大小为 ２． ７４３±２．７０４只．群体组成、生境类型等因子对环颈雉的冬季群体大小可产生一定的影响。环境的异质性和天敌的捕食压力可能是导致环颈雉等雉类集群的重要因素。

The aggregating behaviour of Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus was studied in the winter from 1989 to 1994. Field work was carried out in three natural reserves, Songshan (SS) and Baihuashan (BHS) of Beijing, and Pangquangou (PQG) of Shanxi Province, and the area around Tianchi Lake of Ningwu County (NW ), Shanxi Province. Totally 738 pheasants had been recorded in 273 field observations. Among the pheasants had been found, 83. 33% lived in groups. The tendency of aggregation was varied in different areas, with 53. 10% of the pheasants in the area around Tianchi Lake and 89. 51% of the pheasants in Songshan Natural Reserve lived in flocks. Difference of the flocking behaviour was also exsited between the two sexes. Compared to the female, higher proportion of the male pheasants lived alone. Remarkable sex segregation occured in the flocks of Ring-necked pheasant. The single-sex group accounted for 91. 94% of the all known-sex groups. The mix-sex group usually forms in the late autumn or early winter, and it was the early stage of the flock formation. There were great significant differences in group size among areas (Oneway ANOVA, F =7. 810, P <0. 001), with an average group size of 2. 743±2. 704. The group size was also influenced by some other factors, such as group structure and habitats. Habitat heterogeneity and predation pressure mightbe the important factors led pheasants, such as Ringnecked pheasants, to live in group in winter.