饲料中不同脂肪酸对草鱼生长和组织营养成分组成的影响

EFFECT OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON GROWTH AND TISSUE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRASS CARP, CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLUS

本试验选用初始体重约１．４ｇ的草鱼观察了饲料中添加油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和ｎ３高度不饱和脂肪酸（ｎ３ＨＵＦＡ）对草鱼生长和组织营养成分组成的影响。经过６０天的饲养试验，摄食不含脂肪或只含油酸饲料的草鱼表现出最低的相对生长率、饲料转化效率和蛋白质效率，向饲料中添加１％亚油酸可较显著地改善这三项指标，但单一添加１％亚麻酸或０．５％ｎ３ＨＵＦＡ的促生长效果不甚明显。１％亚油酸＋１％亚麻酸或１％亚油酸＋０．５％ｎ３ＨＵＦＡ饲料组草鱼表现出最高的生长性能。九组草鱼全鱼和肌肉的水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均未表现出因饲料脂质不同而引起的明显差异，但草鱼肝胰脏的脂质含量却因向饲料中添加亚油酸。

A preliminary feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several dietary fatty acids on relative growth rate, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio as well as on the chemical composition of the whole body, muscles and hepatopancreas of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (C. et V.), weighing about 1.4g. The fish were kept separately on a fat free diet and 8 diets containing 3% different lipids. After a 60 day feeding trial, fat free and linoleic acid and linolenic acid defficient diets resulted in retarded growth, low feed conversion and low protein efficiency ratio, and the addition of 1% linoleic acid to the diets improved these indexes. The best growth conditions appeared in the fish fed on the diet containing both fatty acids. In the whole body and muscles, generally, no significant difference in the content of moisture, crude protein and crude fat was recognized, although the fish receiving 1% linoleic acid or 1% methyl linolenate diet showed a slightly decreased protein content. However, the lipid content of hepatopancreas was greatly lowered by the addition of linoleic acid or/and linolenic acid to the diets.