积云动力和电过程二维模式研究　Ⅰ．理论和模式

NUMERICAL STUDY OF CLOUD DYNAMIC-ELECTRIFICATION IN AN AXISYMMETRIC, TIME-DEPENDENT CLOUD MODEL I. THEORY AND MODEL

提出了一个模拟积云动力和电力发展的二维时变轴对称模式。考虑了１０种主要微物理过程，它们包括凝结（凝华）、蒸发、自动转换、粒子间的碰撞以及冰晶核化，次生冰晶等。在起电过程中除了考虑常规的扩散和电导起电外，重点引入了感应和非感应起电，以及次生冰晶起电的作用。作者认为后三个过程是形成积云电结构的主要物理因子。

In this paper, an axisymmetric, time-dependent, dynamic-electrification numerical cloud model has been applied to study electric active processes of a convective cloud during the lifetime of the cloud. The model consider eight microphysical processes which include condensation, deposition, evaporation, autoconversion of cloud-rain, collection, freezing, melting, nucleation and multiplication of ice crystals, and five electrification processes which include ionic diffusion, electric attraction, inductive charging, non-inductive charging and secondary ice crystal charging. We think that the inductive and non-inductive charging processes are primary physical processes for electric structure of the cumulonimbus.