卫星搭载小麦主要性状的遗传变异研究

GENETIC MUTATION IN MAJOR TRAITS OF THE PROGENY OF WHEAT SEEDS HAVING BEEN CARRIED BY A RETRIEVABLE SATELLITE

利用我国“９２１００６”科学返地卫星搭载１７份小麦种子，经４代观察，进行生物学特性及主要农艺性状和抗病性的遗传性变异研究．结果后代抽穗期发生提早或延迟的明显变异；株高在ＳＰ２以后发生明显变异，出现超矮秆类型；穗长在品系间以正态变异为主；结实穗粒数变幅很大，出现高不育株变异；千粒重在品系间以负向变异为主，有３个品系千粒重超对照亲本；后代小麦赤霉病发生率明显下降１％－５０％，其变异率达４７．６１％；同时出现高抗病或无发病的变异率达２１．４％．

Seventeen groups of wheat seeds were planted at Nanchang four Generations:SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, after they had been carried to space for study the geneticmutation in biological characteristics, major traits, and disease resistance of theirprogenies.Among all the progenies, some headed one through sir days earlier, and others headed two through fifteen days later. In variation of early-maturityl SPZ is the greatest. In variation of late-maturity3 SP1 is the greatest. In plallt height, particularly in SP2, the straw as short as 50 centimeters occurred. In variation of filled grains, the variation coefficiellt was 9.38% and 10.05%, respectively. In 100Ograin weight, there was not significant variation between varieties, but there is predominafitly adverse variation in some lines of SPZ and SP4. As an exception, three lines of SP4 are as high as 42.8 grams in 1000-grain weight, but the others is lower than the control.Thirteen lines of SP2 were examined in resistance to scab. It was found that some progeny lowered in disease index by 1% through 50%, with a variation cry efficient being 47.61%. Some lines sensitive to scab generated strongly resistant progeny. Indiyiduals that were strongly sensitive to scab in the progeny were also observed, with a variation coefficient of ZI .4%. Besides, 21.4% of the SPZ indiyiduals were found free of the disease.