第三次全国营养调查报告

The third national nutrition survey

我国１９９２年进行了第三次全国营养调查，内容包括膳食调查、体格测量、血红蛋白测定、家庭经济收入等。采用分层多级整群随机抽样，调查城乡居民２５０３３户（城市８４７４户，农村１６５５９户）共１００２０１人（男性５０８１３人，女性４９３８８人）。膳食调查采用称重记帐法调查住户３天的食物消耗量及连续３天２４小时回顾法获得个人食物消费量。全国平均每标准人日摄入能量９．７４０ＭＪ（２３２８ｋｃａｌ），城市１０．０２ＭＪ（２３９５ｋｃａｌ），农村９．５９８ＭＪ（２２９４ｋｃａｌ）、蛋白质６８ｇ（城市７５ｇ，农村６４ｇ）、脂肪５８ｇ（城市７８ｇ，农村４８ｇ）。根据经济收入将调查户分为低、中、高收入三个组；高收入组的能量、蛋白质和脂肪的消耗量比低收入组高。维生素中烟酸和抗坏血酸摄入充足，视黄醇当量和核黄素摄入偏低。每天钙摄入量仅４０５ｍｇ，锌、硒的摄入量是推荐供给量（ＲＤＡ）的８５％～９０％。膳食能量６７％来自谷类，蛋白质６２％来自谷类。脂肪提供总能量的２２％，动物脂肪占膳食脂肪的４０％。各省６岁以下儿童生长不良（ＮＣＨＳ标准Ｚ评分＜－２）的比例分别为年龄别身高２．２％～５３．８％，年龄别体重０～３２．１％，身高别体重０．７?

The third national nutrition survey was carried out in China in 1992. It consisted of dietary survey, anthropometry measurements, hemoglobin assay and household income, etc.The sample was drawn using a multistage stratified random cluster process, and consisted of 25033 households (urban 8474,rural 16559), 100201 individuals (male 50813, female 49388) .The household food consumption data were collected for three days using an inventory change combined with weighing method, and individual intakes were obtained by 3 consecutive 24-hour recalls. The national average of energy intake was 9. 740MJ (2328kcal) per reference man per day, urban 10. 020 MJ (2395kcal) rural 9. 598 MJ(2294kcal), of protein was 689 (urban 75g, rural 649) and fat was 58g(urban 789, rural 489). Each population segment is categorized into three groups by household income, namely low, middle and high. The high income group consumed more energy, protein and fat than the poorer groups did. The average consumption of niacin and ascorbic acid was adequate of retinol equivalent and riboflavin was low. The calcium intake was only 405 mg per day. Intakes of zinc and selenium reached 85%～90% of the Chinese RDA. Cereals provided 67% of the dietary energy and 62% of protein. Fat energy accounted for 22% of the total, and animal fat accounted for 40% of the dietary fat. The proportion of underdeveloped children below 6 years(Zscore<2, NCHS reference) by province was 2. 2 %～53. 8% (height for age), 0～32. 1 % (weight for age) and 0. 7 %～15. 0% (weight for height). Overweight children (Zscore>2) was averaged from 0. 6% ～9. 2% in provinces. Undernourished adults (BMI<18.5) accounted for 3. 3%～16. 9% for urban, and 2.9%～22. 1% for rural populations. The overweight part (BMI>25) was 3. 8%～32. 8% and 2. 2%～36. 8% for urban and rural respectively. Hemoglobin determination of 73394 individuals showed that the anemia rate for children below 3 years was 9. 7%～29. 7%, for 3～5 years was 3%～12%, for 6～10 years was 13%～29%, for adults was around 10% (male) and 10%～25% (female), for the elderlys was 20%～40%.