东北多年冻土区水化学特征及其应用评价

Water Chemical Characteristics and the Evaluation of water Application in the Permafrost Regions of Northeast China

东北多年冻土区降雪、地下冰、河冰、冰丘冰、冰椎冰、路堑挂冰,以及河水、湖水、沼泽水、冻结层上水、冻结层下水、深层地下水等不同类型的冰和水,因其补给来源的不同,形成的时间、存在状态、分布、埋藏条件及水动力性质等差异,其间水化学特征明显差别,其功能、作用、危害及利用价值亦大不相同。实验证明:自然条件下冻结冰椎自净脱盐达55.92％,可用pH值、矿质含量等水化学特性鉴别各类冰和水的类型,判别各类冻害补给水源,以便因地制宜对症治理,并对各类冰和水进行危害及水质、利用综合评价。

Various types of ice and water exist in the permafrost regions of northeast China, such as snow, underground ice, river ice, blister ice, cone ice, the cutting ice, stream water, lake water, swamp water, water in upper and lower part of frozen layers, underground water in depth, have different water chemical characteristics and different functions, effects, harm and useful values due to their different supply sources, formation epoches, existing state, distribution pattern, bury conditions and hydrodynamic properties, etc. The experiment suggests that the self-purification rate of the frozen cone ice under natural conditions can reach 55.92%. The types of various ice and water and the supply sources of various freeze harm can be determined by the water chemical properties, such as pH values, content of mineral materials, etc. In this way. we can treat the problems on their characteristics and comprehensively evaluate the harm, quality and use of various ice and water.