人前庭小管显微观察及三维结构重建

Microscopic Observation and 3 D Reconstruction of Vestibular Aqueduct of Human

对初生婴儿和正常成人前庭小管（Ｖｅｓｔｉｂｕｌａｒａｑｕｅｄｕｃｔ，ＶＡ）行连续切片显微观察及计算机辅助的三维结构重建。结果表明，二者ＶＡ有明显差异：前者骨化不完全，近似直管形，峡部不明显；后者骨化完全，行程弯曲似倒“Ｊ”形，峡部明显。婴儿ＶＡ的容积、内表面积、长度及外口径均显著小于成人，其内口径则大致相等。表明婴儿幼稚型的ＶＡ必须在出生后经逐渐发育才能转变为成熟型的ＶＡ。ＶＡ的狭窄是其发育受阻的病理现象，其内含物内淋巴管及内淋巴囊发育不良，为易发生膜迷路积水的病理解剖因素之一。ＶＡ外口宽窄与整个ＶＡ发育一致。

The vestibular aqueducts(VA) in neonates and adult were studied under microscope and reconstruction on a computer system.Significant difference was noticed between the neonate and of adult.The VA in neonate shows less ossification than in adult.VA is straight in shape without isthmus in the neonate,but is J like and with apparent isthmus in the adult.The volume,surface area,length and width of the neonate AV are significantly smaller as compared with adult VA,but the inner aperture of both VAs are of similar size.Neonate VA turns into adult VA along with the development of the body.In cases of interfered development,VA may remain abnormally narrow with a small endolymphatic sac.This may lead to development of endolymphatic hydrops.The development of VA external aperture is in accordance with the development of the whole VA,and therfore the size of VA external aperture is used as a landmark in clinical study of the VA.