唐代书法教育中的家传与师授

Families' Cultivation and Teachers' Instruction: Two Aspects of the Tang-Dynasty's Calligraphy Education

家传和师授是唐代书法教育中的两种重要形式。官宦之家，典籍丰富，范本精良，世代承传，既是书法家传之条件也是其特点，家传保持了书法艺术承传的连续性，但也对创新带来了局限。教学的直观性和古迹范本难觅，促使在家传之外另辟师授之蹊径。“口传手授”，不仅使唐代书法教育呈现勃勃生机，也促进了唐代新书风的创立。

The calligraphy education during the Tang Dynasty is characterized by families'cultivation and teachers' instruction. As a particular method of calligraphy education,families' cultivation came into existence mainly due to the fact that officials' families generally inherited from their older generations a great number of ancient books and fine models for calligraphy. Despite a stimulus to the continuity of the existing calligraphy art,however, families' cultivation tended to hinder the creation of new calligraphy art. Simultaneously, the intuitiveness of teaching and the slim chance of obtaining ancient books andfine models stimulated people to learn calligraphy from teachers. The combination offamilies' cultivation with teachers' instruction brought much vitality to the calligraphyeducation of the Tang Dynasty and contributed to the rise of the dynasty's new calligraphystyles.