短、中跑运动员力量训练新思路

New Train of Thought in Strength Training of Sprinters and Middle-distance Runners

短跑训练和中跑训练的核心都是速度问题,而速度最为相关的因素是力量和技术问题。 现代生物力学研究成果已为力量训练提供了准确可靠的原则和方法。 本人在近几年中认真研究了美国肯塔基大学生物力学研究人员曼(R·Man);斯普拉格(P·Sprague);前苏联教育学副博士埃·奥作林;日本学者金原勇等人在这方面的文章。他们的研究很有实际意义,把这些新的理论和我们的训练实践结合起来,取得了较好效果。

Biomechanical researchers abroad put forward some new theory in strenghth training of sprinters andmiddle-distance runners. 1. Balanced development of muscle strength of the whole body--not only thelimbs, but the balanced development of flexors and extensors which is more important. 2. Strengthening of buffering training of shank muscles. More training of deep-jump and hurdle-jump with loads close to or hea-vier than body-weight should be exerted. 3. Increase of swinging dynamics and speed. In running, the swing-ing speed of the limbs is great in which the muscles of hip joint play an important role therefore more exercises of leg swing with load should be involved in training. 4. Training time and sessions must be different in accord-ance with the characteristics of sprinting and middle-distance. In addition, in practice basic and general strength should be trained before that of specific event. Speed training and exercises to strengthen muscles should not be neglected.The above-mentioned theory was put into pactice, and 4 women sprinters and middle-distance runners were trained systematically in basic strength and that of specific event, which yielded remarkable results.