High efficient gene transfer introduced by low-amplitude, low-frequency alternating electric field

Recently, gene transfer by electric pulses (electroporation) has become one of the mostpopular and effective methods for introducing foreign genes into bacterial, plant and ani-mal cells. As a physical method, electric field has many advantages, such as simple opera-tion, high transfection efficiency and few biological side-effects. The mechanism ofelectroporation is based on high voltage DC electric pulses able to cause cell membranepermeability, followed by the foreign gene diffusing into the host cells. This kind