535例慢性荨麻疹临床流行病学特征分析

Clinical epidemiological characteristics of chronic urticaria: report of 535 cases

目的了解慢性荨麻疹(chronic urticaria,CU)临床流行病学特征。方法以2010年1月1日至9月30日,对临床确诊为CU的535例患者进行问卷调查。调查数据录入EpiData数据库,运用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析。结果共收到有效问卷535例,其中男性204例,女性331例,年龄(34.4±14.0)岁,初发年龄(30.6±14.8)岁,以20～40岁多见。诱发因素中物理因素94例(17.6%),药物23例(4.3%),食物29例(5.4%),精神因素39例(7.3%),工作压力9例(1.7%),蚊虫叮咬24例(4.5%),其他54例(10.0%),无明显诱因263例(49.2%)。临床分型中最常见是慢性自发性荨麻疹(chronic spontaneous urticaria,CSU)294例(55.0%),其次皮肤划痕症120例(22.4%),未发现延迟压力性、震动性和运动诱发性荨麻疹。CU伴血管性水肿105例(19.6%),其中,女性70例(21.1%),CSU 76例(25.9%)。自体血清皮肤试验(ASST)总阳性率为49.6%。结论 CU发病以青壮年为主,临床表现形式多样,伴发血管性水肿并非少见。关注CU的临床流行病学特征,有利于指导临床治疗。

Objective To investigate clinical epidemiological charateristics of chronic urticaria（CU）.Methods A survey was conducted to clinically diagnosed CU patients in our hospitals from January to September 2010.All these subjects received physical examination by dermatologists and were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires.EpiData and SPSS 13.0 were utilized for statistical analysis.Results Totally,there were 535 valid questionnaires returned in this survey.Of them,204 were male and 331 were female with a mean age of 34.4±14.0.The average age of these subjects at first onset was 30.6±14.8.The prevalence of CU peaked in patients aging from 20 to 40 years.The self-reported eliciting factors of urticaria were as follows： physical stimuli 94（approximately 17.6%）,drugs 23（4.3%）,foods 29（5.4%）,mental factor 39（7.3%）,working pressure 9（1.7%）,mosquito 24（4.5%）,and others 54（10.0%）,whereas 263（49.2%） of the participants could not identify any trigger.The most common type was chronic spontaneous urticaria（CSU）,accounting for 294（55.0%）,followed by dermographic urticaria factitia 120（22.4%）.While the rarest type was delayed pressure urticaria,vibratory urticaria and exercise induced urticaria type.Angioedema in CU accounted for 105（19.6%）,70（21.1%） were female,and 76（25.9%） were CSU with it.Positive autologous serum skin test（ASST） was accounted for 49.6%.Conclusion The high prevalence of CU is in the young populations,with various clinical manifestations.Coexisting with angioedema is not uncommon.Investigating CU clinical epidemiological characteristics is helpful to guide the therapy strategies.