光周期和温度对黑纹粉蝶滞育诱导的影响

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE CABBAGE WORM,PIERIS MELETE MENETRIES

在南昌郊区（28°46’N，115°50’E）研究了光周期和温度对黑纹粉蝶滞育诱导的影响。结果表明：（1）夏季滞育和冬季滞育分别被校长日照和短日照诱导，而非滞育的发育仅出现在一段较短和中性的光照范围内（12h～13h15min）。因此，该虫基本属于一种中性日照型的昆虫。（2）在诱导滞育的光周期范围内，在较高的温度下，较长日照对滞有诱导的作用明显减弱，而短日照基本保持不变。（3）2龄末和4龄初的幼虫是感应光周期最敏感的时期。在自然条件下，田间种群的临界光周期在日平均气温20．5℃时为12h30min。（4）高温在一定程度上既能抑制短日照诱发滞育的作用，也能够抑制长日照诱发滞育的作用，减少滞育发生比例。

The effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction were studied in the cabbageworm, Pieris melete in Nanchang (28°46'N, 115° 50'E), Jiangxi province. The results were as follows. (1)Summer and winter diapause were induced by relatively long and short days respectively,and only within a narrow range of relatively short and intermediate daylength (12h-13h15min ) allowed a part of pupae to develop without.diapause. Thus, the butterfly basically belonged to a intermediate daylength species. (2) A short daylength was more effective in inducing diapause than a relatively long daylength of diapause induction. (3) The late 3td and early 4th instar larvae were the principal sensitive phase to photoperiodic response.The critical daylength of the wild population was 12h30min at an average temperature of 20. 5℃ under natural conditions.(4)High temperatures tended to inhibit both short days and relatively long days in inducing diapause to a certain extent and reduced the proportion of diapausing pupae.