日本南进军事战略形成及其失败的主要因素

Formation of Japan 's Military Strategy for Marching South and Chief Factors of Failure

日本军事战略是南进还是北进是经过反复权衡的;最后南进军事战略能够得势原因是多方面:从经济利益考虑,美英在远东军力的薄弱,扭转中国战局、美英在东南亚对日本的制裁等。从经济、军事实力方面分析,决定了日本南进军事战略只能采取偷袭方式,也决定它的这个战略的最后失败。 日本军国主义称霸亚洲及太平洋地区的野心由来已久。20世纪30年代末,随着军部法西斯组织对国家政权的控制日益加强,日本统治集团明显地加快了其侵略的步伐。 当时,在远东阻挡日本军事前进的主要是中国、苏联和美国。 中国由于多年内战的消耗和军事力量的薄弱,已在1937—1938年的战事中被逼到了西南一隅。尽管日军取得了巨大军事胜利,但它始终无法彻底打垮中国军队,从而迫使重庆的蒋介石政府投降。 美国和苏联无疑是日本的两个劲敌。就总体实力而言,日本既比不上苏联又比不上美国,因此日本无意与两国同时开战。但是与两国中的一国单独开战的想法在日本军方看来,还是可行的。 当时日本面临的最重要的问题是应该把谁作为自己的对手,应该制定怎样的军事战略。

The Japan s military strategy either for marching south or for marching north was repeatedly weighed. Finally there were several reasons that the military strategy for ad-vancing south was in the sacendant. Considering economic in(?)rests, America and Britain lacked in military strength in the Far East. In southeast Asia, America and Britain ap- plied sanctions against Japan and the war situation of China was reversed. Economic and military strength decided that sneak attack would be taken in Japan s military strategy for advancing south, and also decided that the strategy was doomed to final failure.