坝上灌溉春小麦高产栽培优化农艺措施研究

The Studies on Optimal Agronomic Practice for High Yielding Cultivation of Irrigated Spring Wheat in Bashang Area

本文通过四因素二次回归正交旋转设计，对坝上地区灌溉春小麦高产栽培的主要农措施进行了优化分析与数学模拟，明确了密度是坝上春小麦高产栽培的第一限制因子，其次是追Ｎ比例和Ｎ肥及Ｐ肥．确定了春小麦亩产４５０～５００ｋｇ优化栽培措施为亩播量２８．５～３２．５ｋｇ，亩施纯Ｎ２２．１５～２６．２斤，亩施Ｐ２Ｏ５１４．２～１８．９斤、追Ｎ比为７１．５～８８％．同时明确了坝上灌溉春小麦高产栽培产量与播量、Ｎ、Ｐ及追Ｎ比间的相互关系．在一定亩穗数的基础上，通过增施Ｎ、Ｐ肥和增加追Ｎ量提高粒重是实现坝上灌溉春小麦高产的主要途径．

A 4-factor and 2-degree orthogonal rotary design was used to anlyze the main apronomicgl practice for high yielding cultivation of irrigated sping wheat in Bashang.It ws indicated that the sowing amount was the first limiting factor for high yield,the second the N ratio and the third N and P ferilizer,and it was determined that the optimal sowing amount of seeds was 28.5-32.5kg/mu, while N and P2O5 and N ratio were applied at the rate of 11.08--13.1kg/mu,7.1-9.45kg/mu and 71.5-88.0%,respectively,in a range of yield from 400 to 500kg/mu.The correlation among yield,application of N and P fertillzerand,sowing amount of seeds and N ratio were determined for high yielding cultivation of irrigated spring wheat.On the basis of certain amount ears per mu,increasing N and P fertilizer application and N ratio and increasing grain weight were the principal ways of achieving high yield of irrigatcd spring wheat in Bashang.