常年释放白僵菌的马尾松林虫生真菌和动物群落的结构及时空格局

STRUCTURE AND TIME-SPATIAL PATTERNS OF COMMUNITY OF ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI AND ANIMALS IN MASSON'S PINE STANDS WITH BEAUVERIA BASSIANA AS REGULAR INOCULUM AGENT

本文对常年以白僵菌防治马尾松毛虫的纯马尾松林区虫生真菌和动物群落首次进行了系统的调查研究．发现立地条件及林分状况相似的等面积样地，1周年总丰富度和总个体数相近．植食性类群、捕食性类群和蜘蛛类群的丰富度百分率分别保持在50％、11％和26％左右．植食性类群个体数量在80％和90％之间，捕食性类群个体数量约2％．益害生物的种数之比介于0.9—1.0．种一多度关系近似正态分布，拟合出了数学模型．以灌木草本层中丰富度最高，且各个目之间个体数量组成最均匀．土壤层中个体数量最大．采用高差平方和法聚类分析和主成分分析，将1年分割为A（12月→次年2月，越冬期）、B（3→6月，发展期）、C（7→10月，鼎盛期）和D阶段（11月，衰退期）．这种类型群落的稳定性和自我平衡能力较强，全年处于A→B→C→D→A的循环演替之中.

In this study,the community of entomogenous fungi and animals in pure Masson's pine stands was investigated systematically where Beauveria bassiana is regularly applied as inoculum to suppress the Masson's pine caterpillar,Dendrolimus punctatus.The results revealed that the species richnesses and individual numbers were very close in 2 sampling plots of the equal area and similar stand factors in an anniversary year.The percentages of phytophagous group,predatory group and spider group in the total species number were maintained at 50％,11％ and 26％ respectively.The individual numbers of phytophagous group accounted for 80％ and 90％,and those of predatorygroup for 2％ or so.The proportions of the species number of benificial organisms to that of the pests were between 0.9 and 1.0.The species-diversity relations were close to a normal distributions.Their mathematical models were established.The highest species richnesses appeared in the shrub and herb layer.Furthermore,the individualnumber structure of different order invertebrates was the most uniform in this layer.The greatest individual number appeared in soil layer.By clustering analysis of sum of squares due to deviation and PCA,the anniversary year was divided into 4 periods.A（December-next February,Overwintering period）,B（March-June,Developing period）, C（July-October,Flourishing period）and D（November,Declining period）.Both of its own stability and self-adjusting ability of such type community were very strong.The community was in the state of circulating succession of A→B→C→D→A annually.