地极坐标系统及其相互关系

Polar Coordinate Systems and Their Relationship

本文回顾了各种地极坐标系统的状况，包括地极坐标原点的定义、系统的组成和这些系统之间的相互关系等。地极坐标系的原点，就是地球参考系Ｚ轴与地面的交点，因而选择某个地极坐标原点，在实际上也选取了相应的地球参考系。本文还详细叙述了常用的各种地球参考系原点和轴向的定义，实现的方法、精度，不同地球参考系之间的转换参数等等。

A review is given in this paper on the status of various polar coordinate systems, including the definition of their origins, constitution of the systems. and the relations between them. The origin of polar coordinate system is the point of intersection of the Z-axis of a terrestrial reference system with earth surface. Thus to choose the origin of a polar coordinate system corresponds to the selection of a certain terrestrial reference system. The definition of their origins and axes of the terrestrial reference systems. the methods of their implementations and the transformation parameters from one terrestrial reference system to the others are all recounted in detail.