地理水文学的研究进展与21世纪展望

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHICAL HYDROLOGY AND ITS PROSPECT IN 21TH CENTURY

本文为庆祝中国地理学会成立８５周年撰写。内容分为３部分：关于地理水文学与水文地理研究；近年我国地理部门水文研究的主要进展，包括水循环水平衡、区域水文水资源、冰川与湖泊沼泽水文、水文过程与环境水文、实验水文；２１世纪水文研究的展望，主要包括水资源主题、全球变化的水文研究、热水平衡ＧＥＷＥＸ、水文循环的生物圈方面、交错带Ｅｃｏｔｏｎｅｓ的水文问题与雨水资源化研究。

The author would like to present this paper for celebrating the 85th anniversary of the establishment of Geographical Society of China in 1909. The present article mainly deals with contemporary progress in geographical hydrology study made in recent time period and looking at the prospective future of next century. Dividing into four parts, the author describes:1 the significance and conltext of geographical hydrology, which slightly differs from hydrography and hydro-geography; 2. the achievments of research work on hydrology which have been achieved in recent years since 1908's mainly include water cycle and water balance, regional hydrology and water resources. hydrological studies on glaciers, lakes and wetlands/swamps, hydrological processes (modeling and transformation of the hydrological states) and environmenta hydrology (environmental impact on water regime and modling). as well as hydrological experitnentation (laboratory and field observation); 3. future prospect for 21th century. Carefully reviewing development trend of research within international extent and according to China's status, the author suggests some of major research focuses on future hydrology as follows: (1). hydrology will provide a scientific base for future development of water resource management concerned with rapid growth of China's economy and population;(2). more attention to be paid to global change impacts on hydrology. carrying out research on regional hydrological respones to climatic/global warming in different geographical zones;(3) continuing study on heat and water balance to be cooperated with Global Enery and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), which is a major project of World Climate Progra m (WCP); (4). creating a new field of ecological study on hydrology to be linked with Biospheric Aspect of Hydrological Cycle (BAHC); (5), creating observation and research on Ecotones for interaction between surface water and groundwater to deepening understanding of enviroomental hydrology; (6) enhancing the studies on rainwater utilization to be cooperated with International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (IRWCSA) to create new findings;(7). finally, a very brief remark regarding the challenges and opportunities in future for geographical hydrologists.