谷子DNA导入玉米的研究

A Study on Introducing Millet DNA into Maize

利用花粉管通道以液滴法和喷雾法进行了谷子DNA导入玉米自交系齐302和478的试验研究。结果表明,两种方法在D_1均产生变异,导入组合变异率18.05％。在齐302变异中有一株雌穗顶端生长单枝雄穗且具分蘖、多穗特性的罕见变异。其它变异类型包括:生长势、株型、抗倒性、抗叶片衰老及分蘖和多穗变异。478只出现一个多穗变异,其长势旺盛,变异性状能够遗传至D_2,并有新性状分离,如穗行数、粒型、千粒重等变异。试验表明,外源DNA导入技术是创造新的玉米种质材料的有效方法。

DNA from millet was introduced into maize self-line Qi302 and 478 by both dropping the exogenous DNA on the excision of silks after self-pollination and spraying the exogenous DNA onto silks after self-pollination. In D1 generation, the both methods caused variation. The rate of variation among the introduced combinations was 18. 08%. There appeared a single plant having a tassel with single branch on the top of female ear with the characters of tiller and multiple ears which never was found before. The other variation expressions were growth vigour, plant shape. lodging resistance, leaf aging resistance, tiller and multiple ears. In Qi 302 the combination varied and the variation rate of lodging resistance was 16. 40%. Among 478 varied plants of D1 generation, there appeared a multiple ear variation with strong growth vigour. All the varied characters could be passed down to D2 generation in which happened segregation of characters including kernel rows per ear, 1000-kernel weight and kernel type. The experiment has suggested that the exogenous DNA introduction techniqe is a good way of creating new materials for maize breeding.