京、津、冀、鲁、豫主要玉米种质基础及其演化利用钩沉

Exploration of the Main Maize Germplasm Basis and Their Evolution and Utilization in Beijing,Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Henan Regions

研究结果表明,京、津、冀、鲁、豫1978～1991年主要玉米杂交种的亲本自交系依其系谱可归纳为四平头、旅大红骨、获嘉白马牙、金皇后、混选一号、华农二号、Lancaster、Reid YellowDent、Krug与其它十大基本种质类型,及其多元复合种质衍生型群,含二元,三元、四元、五元四型25个系统。近年,形成四平头、旅大红骨、Reid Yellow Dent与Lancaster四主极结构网络。且多元复合种质衍生型群的自交系取代本元类自交系已居亲本自交系主体地位。现有多元复合种质衍生型群自交系的创新利用率约计:二元复合型20%,三元复合型9.2%,四元复合型1.9%,五元复合型0.4%。理论推算,由十大基本种质类型充分组合有多元复合种质衍生型群1013个系统,种质创新利用余地颇大。文中还就涉及到的玉米杂优育种有关问题进行了讨论。

The parents inbred lines of the main maize hybrid strains grown in Beijing, Tian-jin, Hebei, Shandong and Henan regions from 1978 to 1991 were concluded to be Sipingtou, Ludahonggu, Huojiabaimaya, Golden Queen, Mass selection 1, Huanong2, Lancaster, Reid Yellow Dent, Krug and other 10 basic types as well as their derived poly-complex germplasm types. They contain binary, triple, quarternary and quintic complex types including 25 systems. In recent years, the types of Sipingtou, Ludahonggu, Reid Yellow Dent and Lancaster have made up the main structure network in the production. The inbred lines of derived poly-complex germplasm types have replaced their root ones and occupied the dominent position. The renew and use rates of binary, triple, quarternary and quintic types were 20% ,9.2%, 1. 9% and 0. 4% , respectively. According to the theoretical calculation, the full combinations of the 10 basic germplasm types produced complex germplasm types including 1013 systems. The germplasm renew and utilization have great potentialities. This paper also involves the problems of maize hybrid breeding.