棉田蜘蛛群落—多度分布模型及多样性统计学研究

Studies on the Species-Abundance Ditstribution Model and Diversity Statistics in the Spider Community in Cotton fields

对数级数模式是描述棉田蜘蛛群落种—多度分布的理想模式。比较了几种多样性指数的生态学效应。Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ—Ｗｅａｖｅｒ指数比其他指数有较强的判别力，但在具有相同种类及个体数分布完全一致的两个群落以及大样本中，Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ—Ｗｅａｖｅｒ多样性指数对群落组成的变化亦不敏感或完全失效．作者在信息论和概率论的基础上，提出了一种以年龄等级多样性为指标的测定群落多样性的新方法，其计算公式为：Ｈ＇（ｓｙ）＝Ｈ＇（ｓ）＋Ｈ＇ｓ（ｙ）。

The log-series model for studying species-abundance distributions of spider communities in cotton fislds is discussed in this paper. Ecological efficiencies of several diversity indices are compared too.The log-series model is the ideal one which describes the species-abundance distribution in the spider community in cotton fields.The Shannon-Weaver index has stronger discriminant ability than others among different sites. But it appeared insensitive or unefficient for those two communities in which there are the same in the number of species and in the apecies frequence, or for the community compositing changes in a large sample So, the age hierarchical diversity indlx, a new kind of method for the measurement of community diversity, is first suggested based on the information theory and the probility theory. Its calculating formula is H'(sy), H' (s), H'(y).