中国铃蟾属的分类和系统发育

ON SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY OF TOADS OF GENUS Bombina IN CHINA

铃蟾属Bombina分布地跨欧亚二洲。近数十年来,国外学者对这类原始无尾类的分类和进化进行过不少研究,但亚洲产种类的种间亲缘关系仍不清楚,有些种在分类上尚存在疑问。本文以形态为基础,辅以核型资料,试图对中国铃蟾属的分类和进化问题进行探讨。研究结果发现:中国南部产3种（亚种）之间的亲缘关系较近,是一个祖先的后裔。其中强婚刺铃蟾B.fortinuptialis和微蹼铃蟾B.microdeladigitora之间形态差异为不明显,故建议强婚刺铃蟾作为微蹼铃蟾的一个亚种。东方铃蟾B.orientalis另一支系,其形态和核型与欧洲产两种相似, 文中还进一步讨论了铃蟾属的亚属划分是正确的。最后综合有关资料,探讨了铃蟾属的种间亲缘关系和该属的分类地位,并结合地史资料进行了铃蟾属物种分化的初步探讨。

The fire bellied toad genus, Bombina, with seven species, which spread throughout various Eurasiatic areas. There are five species of the genus distributed in China. The taxonomy and systematics of Bombina was quite confusing. The phylogenetic relationship within this genus had not been fully worked out, which , to some extent, should be due to the lack of data for the five species in China. This work takes out to investigate phylogenetic and classification of Chinese members of the genus.Thirteen osteological, external morphological and chromosomal characters were analyzed. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of the four species is presented. Two groups (clades) are present within the genus.- one contains the species B. fortinuptialis,B. maxima and B. microdeladigitora; B. orientalis share the other clade. In the first clade, B. fortinuptialis and B. microdeladigitora are closely related. Subspecific status of fortinuptialis was suggested, because its specific status was weakly supported by morphological and karyological evidences. After comparing 11 external measurements, we found apparent varieties in different populations of B. maxima. No geographic varieties of other species were found.Several authors studied relationships of Bombina with other discoglossid groups, and some separated it to erect different families. We summarized the former morphological, karyological, as well as molecular evidences, and considered it' s still valid to retain Bombina under governing of Discoglossidae.Finally, we interpreted speciation of Bombina by correlating it to paleo-geological evidence.