联苯胺衍生染料的潜在危害性研究

Studies on potential hazards of benzidine-derived dyes

经流调发现，职业性膀胱癌仅在接触联苯胺单体的人员中高发，接触染料者则很少发生。为探讨该类染料的潜在危害，作了以下各项研究。证实除乳酸杆菌外，常见的肠道苗都具有使偶氮染料还原退色、释放联苯胺的作用。对Ａｍｅｓ试验作了较大的改进，提高了灵敏度。证实实验用的１２种联苯胺衍生染料都具有致变性。离休肠段孵育试验，证实还原退色作用主要在闹肠。大肠内容物经培养增菌后，再置入抗生素，则还原抑制率增长。大鼠灌食染料，加用抗生素则肠内容物中的联苯胺含量有所降低，其尿致变活性也有所降低，人粪培养液中加入联苯胺染料后，培养显示有致变性，施用肠道菌抑制剂后，显示致变活性降低；大鼠整体染毒试验显示肝卵园细胞增生、ＳＤ大鼠肝毒性、淋巴细胞样白血病发病均明显降低，提示抑制肠道菌使联苯胺衍生染料的致癌活性降低。

To probe the potential hazards of the dyes, the work has done as follow: essential improvements of Ames test was made, thus the sensitivity of the test was much increased and12 different benzidine--derived dyes were proved to be mutagenic' Except for lactic bacillus allthe bacterium species of the intestinal tract were found to be able to reduce azo--dyes to release benzidine. The test with resected intestinal sedments of the rats revealed that the cecum is the most active site of dye-reduction, with the colon as the second active site, whilethe small intestine is practically devoid of dye-reduction. The culture of intestinal contentwith and without previous additional antibiotics revealed that the former had great inhibitiono f bacteria growth increase in the rate of inhibition of bacteria reduction.Gastric intubation of dyes with and without simultaneous application of antibiotics, theformer had much decreased production of benzidine,showed that the increase in rate of inhibition of bacteria reduction, the former group also showed reduced mutagenicity of the urine.Bacteria culture of human-feces had mutagenic activity which much reduced after applicationof antibiotics.In an in vivo test of inhibition of gut flora, the proliferation of oval cells in liver of F344rats was obviously decreased, the toxicity and the incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia weredecreased. This suggested that the carcinogenicity of benzidine--derived dye was also correspondingly reduced.