四种蜜源植物花蜜腺的比较解剖学研究

MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FLORAL NECTARIES IN 4 SPECIES OF NECTARIFEROUS PLANTS

草莓、漆树、芥菜和薄荷四种植物花蜜腺形态结构各异。草莓花蜜腺着生在花管内壁上属花被蜜腺。芥菜花蜜腺４枚，包括一对侧蜜腺和一对中蜜腺。漆树和薄荷的花蜜腺为花盘蜜腺，位于子房基部。四种花蜜腺都属结构蜜腺，其中仅芥菜的侧蜜腺组织中具维管束。它们在发育早期均无特殊的原始细胞，都由花器官表层细胞反分化形成原基，再发育成蜜腺。四种花蜜腺发育过程中细胞原生质体的液泡都表现出了规律性的消长变化。漆树和薄荷的花蜜腺具典型的淀粉动态变化，草莓的花蜜腺则属非淀粉型蜜腺；芥菜花蜜腺介于这两种类型之间。草莓和薄荷的花蜜由表皮细胞直接渗出。芥菜则气孔和表皮泌出兼备而漆树通过气孔泌蜜。

Floral nectary morphology, anatomy, development and nectar secretion in 4 species of nectariferous plants──Mentha haplocalyx Briq., Brassica juncea L., Toxicodendron verniciflumm Stokes. and Fragaria ananassa Duch. are inverstigated with light microscope (paraffin and thin section) and scanning electron microscope. The research also include the dynamic content change of polysaccharides and total protein. The relation between the structure and the accumulation, transportation and excretion of nectar are discussed.