航天员的产热和散热问题

HEAT PRODUCTION AND DISSIPATION OF ASTRONAUTS DURING SPACE ACTIVITIES

航天员的产热与散热是确定飞行器生保系统多项部件设计的重要依据，也是判断航天员劳动强度、安排作息制度、实施医学监督的主要指标。文章结合作者以往工作部份经验介绍了国外３种估测航天员代谢热的方法；归纳了航天员舱内外活动时的产热量，并综合分析其变异的原因；并着重论述了低压条件下影响航天服热交换的因素，从而提出了可以由地面实验所获得的服装通风流率，转换成不同低压下带走同样热量所需相应流率的数学方法。

eat production and heat dissipati on of astronauts during space flight are important parameters for engineering design of life support system as well as for judgement of their work loads and arrangement of work-rest rule.In conjunction with our early experiences and current literature,this paper introduced three methods for estimation of astronallts'metabolic rate.The mr heat production both in vehicular and in extravehicular activities were summarized and the causes of metabolic variat cons comprehensively analyzed. Discussion is stressed on the factorsinfluencing heat exch ange of space garment in hypobaric envir onmentsin order to convert the garment flow rate(STP)obtained in ground experiments into the equivalent flow rate for removing the same heat fromthe garment at various altitudes.