在实验条件下非洲钝缘蜱的生活史早期发育

Development of Ornithodorus Moubata onRabbits Under Laboratory ConditionsDepartment of Parasitology

在实验温度２８±１℃和相对湿度８５±５％条件下，用家兔供血，饲养非洲钝缘蜱Ｏｒｎｉｔｈｏｄｏｒｕｓｍｏｕｂａｔａ幼蜱、若蜱和成蜱，蜕皮率均大于９０％。幼蜱蜕皮平均需３．８１±０．０６天（４３７只，Ｘ±ＳＥ）；一令若蜱需７．８±０．０７天（３７２只）；二令７．７±０．１５天（１５１只）；三令８．７９±０．２１天（３９只）；四令１０．６±０．２５（２０只）；雌蜱吸血后经１３．６４±０．８０天（１４只）产卵；虫卵经１０．２３±０．０９天（４６９只）孵化，孵化率为７０％（４６９／６７０）。各发育阶段吸血用时在１ｈ以内。一令若蜱在四种环境温度（１６℃，２０℃，２４℃和２６℃）下吸血用时，差异无显著性（Ｆ＝１．０３８３，Ｐ＞０．０５）。二令若蜱在两种环境温度下（２４℃和２６℃）吸血用时差鼻无显著性（Ｆ＝０．１４４７，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果表明本实验系统适合该蜱生长发育。

Ornithodoras moubata was reared on rabbits and held under laboratoryconditions at 28±1℃, 85±5%RH. The nymphs attachment period (X±SE) was 39. 69±0.42min for N1, 43. 24±0. 58min for N2, 46. 59±0. 79min for N3 and 47. 05±0. 91min forN4. Adulty feeding period was 54.64±0. 85min Larvae molted 3. 81±0. 06 d after incubation. The Nyrhphs molted 7. 80±0. 07 d for N1, 7.70±0.05 d for N2, 8.79±0. 21 d for N3and 10.60 ±0. 25 d for N4 after engorgment. The percentage of molting was more than90%. The Females began oviposition 13. 64+0. 80 d after engorgment. Egg hatch was 70%after an incubation period of 10. 23±0. 09 d.