天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林水文作用的初步研究

Preliminary Study On Hydrologic Effect of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in The Tian Tong National Forest Park, Zhe Jiang, China

本文以人工杉木林为对照,研究了天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林的林冠截留量、林内雨量、树干茎流量,林内枯枝落叶层的现存量及持水能力。森林土壤的蓄水能力等,建立了林外降雨量与树干茎流、林内雨量及林冠截留量的回归方程模型。在此基础上进一步建立了常绿叶林拦蓄降雨的模型。文中分析和比较了常绿阔叶林和人工杉木林两类森林在涵养水源、保持水土等方面的作用。对亚热带山区保护和发展常绿阔叶林。林业的合理经营,维护山区的生态平衡具有重要的指导意义。

The Tian Tong National Forest Park is located in 29°48′N. and 121°47′E, It is 27km from Ningbo city, and has an area of 353.4 hectares. The three sides of the park are sur- rounded by mountains. The average peak is about elevation 300m and the elevation of the highest peak, Taibai mountain, is 653.3m. The annual mean temperature is l6℃. The annual mean precipitation is 1555mm, the annual relative humidity can be as high as 82%. The soil under the Evergreen Broad--boved Forest(EBLF)is mainly yellow-red soii with a PH value from 4.0 to 5. 1. The soil layeer is thicker and contains aboundant orgnnic matter. In short, the warm damp climate, complex topography and richer soil of the park provide the favoriable conditions for the conservation and development of the EBLF. Throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception, quantity and water holding capacity of the littler, water containing capacity of the forest soil undcr EBLF and Artificial Cunninghamia Lanceolata Forest (ACLF) have been studied in Tian Tong National Park during 1990--1991. The results showed that the hydrologic effect of EBLF is higher than ACLF. In EBLF, aver- age percentage of canoppy interception was 22.5% of the rainfall and was 19.92% in ACLF. The littler of EBLP is thicker generally, and its amount was 15.52t/ha, 2. 2 times the size of A- CLF. The water holding capecity of littler is 34.2t/ha in EBLF, it is 1.9 times of ACLF. Water containing capacity of soil under EBLF and ACLF within .100cm thick soil is respectively 2096. 9m^3/ha and 1291.7m^3/ha. Water resource containing capacity of EBLF is more stronger, it can be as high as 2127t/ha within 100cm thick soil. We have set up the relationshipe between the rainfall and throughfall, stemflow, canoopy interception. On the basis of those, we have set up the model on intercepting and containing rain- fall of two type forests. In this article, we have also analysed and compered the effect of two forests in conserving soil and water, containing water. Lastly, we have put forward to the reference ideas on conser- vation and development EBLF, reseasonable management for forests, 'preseving ecological bal- ance in subtropic mountains areas.