《史记·律书》律数匡正——兼论先秦管律

A Correction of a Set of the Length-Number of a Vibrator in Lu Shu(律书) of Shi Ji(史记) with a Descussion of the Pipe-Temperament Prior to Qin(秦) Dynasty

《史记·律书》有“黄钟长八寸七分一,宫”的一组律数。至迟从唐代起,人们就把它看作一组弦律数据,并以为原数据甚误而不可解,从而校正勘误,莫衷一是,聚讼千年。本文经过严格推算后指出:一、《史记·律书》中这组律数根本不是弦律,而是管律;二、《史记·律书》中这组律数的原数据基本上没有错,尤其是“黄钟长八寸七分一”是完全正确的黄钟管长。由于历代校勘家不辨弦律与管律之别,他们将“七”字改为“十”字,从而认为《律书》中这段文字“误七句、衍二字”。历代的校改本质上是错误的;三、在历代传抄翻刻《史记》的过程中,律数原数据中有三律的律位与数值被窜乱。在更正被窜乱了的这三律之后,作者对原数据小作校正,并补正了原数据中遗漏和误植的二律数值,从而恢复了《史记》所载的先秦管律的本来面目。

In lu of Shi Ji,there is a set of the length -numbers of a vibrator with 8. 71 cun(寸) as the data of striged temperament of the Tang(唐)Dynasty at the Latest and as full of mistakes and incomprehensible. Different opionions about the rectification of these data have co-existed for a thousand years. By way of careful calculation, this paper shows:1)the set of the length -numbers of a vibrator is essentially about pipe-temperament,not stringed temperament, and 2)the set of the length -numbers of a vibrator is not wrong fundamentally, and the length of Huang -Zhong of 8. 71 cun is the perfectly right pipe -length of Huang- Zhong. Thus,by means of a little correction,the original meaning of pipe -temperament recorded in Shi Ji is revealed.