内蒙古阴山南部丘陵低山区草业工程的发展途径

THE DEVELOPING WAYS OF GRASS INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING OF HILL AND LOW MOUNTAIN REGION IN THE SOUTH OF YINSHAN MOUNTAINS,INNER MONGOLIA

本文根据内蒙古阴山南部丘陵低山区自然条件特征,论述了该区草场资源的类型、利用状况及存在问题,探讨了该区以建立人工草地及饲料基地为主的草业发展途径,以及相应采取的措施。

The region with hills and low mountains in the south of YinshanMountains in Inner Mongolia Lies in the overlapping zone of agricultureand animal husbandry to the north of the loess plateau, its total area isabout 14730KM^2. The geographical environments and the association of landresources of this region are beneficial to the synthetic developing of agri-culture, animal husbandry and forestry. In this region, each part of mou-ntainy land, hilly land and plateau makes up about one thirds. It belongsto continental semiarid monsoon climate. The area of natural grasslandsis about 632200ha. which makes up 43 percentage of its total areaand may be divdied into 15 grassland types, although there is high reclamingindex in this region. The secondary steppes growing on the low mountainsand hills have 10 types, which make up 80 percentage of the grasslands andtheir productivity is not high. Their average yield is about 1200Kg per ha.Now, these parts are grazed over their bearing capacity so that the incre-asing of livestock is liimted. The grasslands on bottomlands make up 20percentage of the total area of natural grasslands, which have higher pro-ductivity and may be used to establish artificial grassland and to cultureforage plants. There are about 400000ha. farmlands and 70000ha. variouswoodlands in this region now, the both may provide 0.5-0.7million tonby-products per year which may be used as raw forage resource and maybe utilized after processed. The integrated production system of grass ind-ustry must be established progressively to promote the synthetic managementof plant production, livestock production and processing production. The system includes: The natural pastures should be sealed, grazed in rotation and rationallyutilized. At present, the bearing capacity of livestock grazing on thesepastures should be limited at 1.2 million sheep units per year to ensurethe renewal and rejuvenation. During 1990-2000, the establishment of artificial grasslands and forageplant culturing lands should be listed into developing programme. Thesekinds of land may reach 11500ha. by 1995 and 175000ha. by 2000 by arou-sing the masses to plant grasses shrubs and forage plants. The forage resources provided by by-produets of farmlands, woodlandsand processing industry should be exploited actively. The amount exploitedfrom this resources is expected to reach 0.6 million tons by 1995 and 0.72million tons by 2000. The forage processing industry must be developed to promote the com-bination of grazing and shed raising and to increase the transforming eff-iciency of forage.The forage processing sites should be rationally distributedto form a system with many levels. The amount of forage processed shouldreach 0.1 million ton by 1995 and 0.25 million tons by 2000 to meet theforage needs for replenishment and shed raising. It is important guarantee for the continued and coordinate developementof agriculture and animal husbandry to establish a sound production systemand form a solid basis of grass industry, which should be listed into planand scientific examples should be set up to establish optimum models ofgrass and livestook production structure.