关于宁夏盐池沙漠化地域植被恢复的试验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VEGETATON RESTORATION ON DESERTIFIED LAND OF YANCHI COUNTY,NINGXIA

土地沙漠化是当今世界公认的重大环境问题,被列为全球生态环境十大问题之一。中国宁夏回族自治区林业厅和日本海外林业咨询协会,基于保护地球自然生态、制止沙漠化发展的共同目标,共同合作在宁夏盐池县高沙窝林场合作营建治沙试验林50ha,1990年春开始试验。试验项目是在年平均降雨270mm的半干旱流动沙区、无灌溉条件下。

Ningxia Forestry Department and Japanese Consultative Association for OverseasForestry, aiming to protect nature on the earth and to prevent desertification spreading,have carried out a joint experiment on desert control in Gaoshawo Forestry Centre ofYanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from the Spring of 1990 to 1992. The Key technique for desert control is applying Chinese and Japanese experience toraise survival rate of planted tree in line with local conditions and proper times. The specificmeasures mainly are: employing both enclosing sands for plants growth and artificial broad-cast sowing, laying mechanical barrier to raise the survival rate of the trees, shurbs andgrasses planted by man, selecting different species of tree and shrub in line with site condi-tion, employing 'front shelter and back pull' to fix shifting sand totally, adopting reasona-ble density of trees for sustainable water balance in sandy land. Through above-mentioned measures, the landscape of desertified land has apparentlychanged, achieving remarkable ecologic, economic and social benefits. These achievementsfind main expression in the followings: vegetation coverage rate has risen to 74.26% fromless than 10% before the joint project, dune shifting speed has decreased to 0.18m /a from5.49m/ a, fixing the shifting sand; the economic benefits are remarkable, on top of theinvestment of 527 thousand Yuan (RMB), the trees, shrubs, nursery stocks. and foragegrasses produced in the forestry centre for 3 years have a surplus of 15.3%. Moreover, we have gained a series of practical and feasible experience, such as the selec-tion of plant species with wide adaptability, employing polymer absorbent, defining propervegetation coverage and so on.