内亚的盐生植物和盐生植物群落

HALOPHYTES AND HALOPHYTIC COMMUNITIES IN INNER ASIA

广大的亚洲内陆干旱区,降水稀少、蒸发强烈,加之内流区的低洼地是积盐中心,地下水位较高,土壤普遍盐渍化,为盐生植被的广泛发育提供了适宜的生态条件。盐生植物区系组成约150种左右,高位芽和地面芽植物最丰富,盐旱生的种类居多。群落类型主要有七个,其中由盐生灌木组成的各类群落最具有代表意义,是亚洲内陆平原区主要的景观植被和天然放牧场,与当地许多优良家畜品种的形成有着一定的联系。长期以来,畜牧业管理粗放,盐生饲用植物资源利用很不充分。干旱缺水、樵采和人为破坏现象十分严重,有待加强保护、科学化管理和进一步开发利用。

Because of the sparse rainfall, strong evaporation, higher ground watertable and in addition, the lowland being the saline accumulating center,the soil in the arid zone of lnner-Asia is commonly salinized, It providesthe moderate eco-stage for widely developing of halophytic communities.The comporit?on of flora is arround 150 species. Ammong of them, the ph-anerophytes and hemicryptophytes are the rich, while the most popular sp-ecies is halomesophyte. Of 7 types halophytic communities, the most sig-nificant representative communities consist of halo-shrub, which is beingrecognized as the primary landscape vegetation and natural pasture in innerplain. It is interrelated with the formation of many fine varieties of live-stock. However, for a long time, because of the uncareful husbandary, insu-fficient utilization of the halophytes sources, short of water, firewood cu-tting and serious damage caused by human beings, it is needful and necess-ary to strenghen its protection and scientific management in order to makefurther exploitation and utilization.