烟草根黑腐病菌生物学特性的研究

Studies on the Biological Characteristics of Pathogenic Fungus Thielaviopsis Basicola of Tobacco Black Root Rot

烟草根黑腐病菌[Thielaviopsis basicola(Brek and Br)Ferraris]适于在多种自然培养基和合成培养基上生长和产孢,以藕-葡萄糖和 V_8培养基最佳,培养基中增加 Ca离子有利于菌丝生长和产孢。生长温度范围8—35℃,最佳生长温度24—28℃。此菌在PDA培养基上生长的pH范围3.5—9.5,最适pH5.0—6.5。内生分生孢子在20—30℃最适于萌发。碳、氮营养可促进孢子萌发,其中0.2%葡萄糖溶液最佳。黑暗条件下菌丝的生长和产孢好于光照条件。可有效利用多种碳、氮源,碳源以可溶性淀粉、麦芽糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖;氮源以谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天门酰胺利用最佳。其中可溶性淀粉、酒石酸铵、硝酸铵、氨基乙酸、谷氨酸有利于产孢。

Thielaviopsis basicola(Brek and Br.) Ferraris, pathogenic fungus of tobacco black root rot, is adapted for growing and sporulating on many kinds of natural and synthetic me- dium. Lotus root-glucose medium and V_8medium are the best for its growing and sporulat- ing among the media tested. Addition of Ca on media promot growth and sporulation of hypha, temperature for the growing of pathogenic fungi is 8-35℃, while optimum growing temperature 24--28℃. With the scope of pH value of pH 3. 5--9. 5, the optimum one is pH 5. 0--6. 5 on PDA media, optimum germination temperature of endogenous spore is 20-- 30℃. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition can promote spore germination, 0. 2% dextrose solu- tion is the optimum compound for spore germination. Hgpha grows and sporalates better in dark condition than in light condition. Pathogenic fungi can assimilate many kinds of car- bon and nitrogen compounds, Among them soluble starch, maltose, D-fructose, surcrose, and dextrose are the best. Among nitrogen sources L-glutamia, DL-alanine, and DL-asparagine are the best. Meanwhile, soluble starch, ammonium tartrate, ammonium ni- trate, and glycine L-glutamic are better for sporulation.