唐伯元的心性论与修身崇礼说

Tang Boyuan’s Theory of Inherent Nature and Theory of Cultivating Oneself and Upholding Rites

本文从唐伯元的治学经历入手,探讨他的学术、思想的渊源与主要内涵:唐伯元心性论的基本结构,他对性与身、心与物、理与欲的看法;在此基础上,他将修身看作一个包容着齐家治国平天下的渐次扩展的过程,以此为孔门学问之要旨;因此,他批评阳明学派“以心为学”的倾向,并着力推崇“礼”学,以礼为儒者内外双修、成己成物的必须遵循的途径。

This paper, starting with Tang Boyuan's experience in scholarly research, conducts a study into the origin and the main implications of his academic thinking by investi- gating the basic structure of his theory of inherent nature as well as his views on relation- ships between human nature and human behaviour, between human mind and the outer world, and between ethics and human desire. The paper points out that Tang Boyuan, basing himself on his doctrine mentioned above, regarded 'cultivating oneself' as a step-by-step de- velopmental course capable of extending from superintending the family, through administer- ing state affairs, to unifying the whole country previously torn apart by separatist kingdoms --a doctrine stemming from Confucianism to be pursued by scholars, and criticized, ac- cordingly, Wang Yangming School's deviational theory of innate natrue of human beings. It is also pointed out that Tang Boyuan upheld rites as a compulsory course to be followed by those scholars who were to cultivate themselves in pursuit of both ethical perfection and step-by-step extension to the outer world.