芝麻杂种优势及基因雄性不育两系利用的研究

Studies on Heterosis and Utilization of Genetic Male Sterile Lines in Sesame

本试验从1988～1992年,通过品种间大量杂交,田间鉴定研究了芝麻杂种优势的表现及选育强优势杂交种的途径。通过群体改良、系内连续姊妹交。育成了不育株率在50%,不育度完全,综合性状优良的芝麻雄性不育两系。并对雄性不育的形态、遗传及两系法制种效果做了初步的研究。结果表明,强优势杂交种只出现在极少数亲本品种间;用一般配合力高的地理远缘品种兼考虑母本细胞质效应组配芝麻杂交种是有效的。形态学观察结果,雄性不育株花粉败育彻底,花药呈绿色半透明,初花期可以做为识别标志。两系法制种产量夏播每亩25kg,春播可达每亩40～50kg。文章阐述了芝麻雄性不育两系生产杂交种的三个特殊的有利因素。

In 1988～1992,the expression of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)hybrids with high level of heterosis and their breeding methods were studiesd.The results showed that only a few of hybrids had stronger vegetative growth and higher seed yield than the check variety Only thevarieties from different ori- gin and with significant gca value are desirable to breed a high yield hybrid.And the maternal effect should also be under consideration.At the same time,by using the method of population improvement and offspring test in field,the first genetic male sterile line has been bred.The male sterile line possesses excellent agro- nomic chanracters and 50% male sterile plants in the polulation.The male sterility of the male sterile plants is stable under field conditions.The morphological oboservation indicated that the anothers of malesterile plants were greenish and translucent that can be used as the marker to distinguish the male sterile plants from the normal plants.The observation on stained pollen further proved that male sterility is complete.By using the male sterile line,the yield of hybrid seed production could reach as high as 600～750 kg/ha.The paper points out the three special availible conditions for hybrid seed production using the genetic male sterile line in sesame.