在社区人群中推广低钠盐预防高血压的健康教育及其效果

HEALTH EDUCATION ON POPULARIZATION OF LOW SODIUM SALT TO CONTROL HYPERTENSION IN COMMUNITY AND ITS EFFECTS

为研究在高盐摄入人群中应用健康教育推广低钠盐以降低人群钠盐摄入水平的可行性及其效果,采用类实验设计配对选择两城市社区人群(约5万人),以基层居委会干部和卫生院医务人员相结合组成的信息传递和工作网络进行各项干预活动.通过实验点和对照点抽样人群知识行为调查、干预前后三日膳食调查和三日夜尿钠钾排泄量测定所得结果表明:实验点人群中的高血压和盐的知识水平显著高于对照点人群;实验点人群70～90%的户和人口使用低钠盐;钠盐摄入量以食盐计算实验点人群平均用盐量由16克下降至12克,减少了4克,钠钾比由2.4下降为1.4;对照点由18.9克上升至20.5克,钠钾比基本无变化(3左右);干预前后尿钠钾排泄量测定与膳食调查的结果呈现相同变化趋势.传播渠道调查结果证明信息传递和工作网络在干预中发挥了重要的作用.本研究结果说明应用现有策略可降低高盐摄入人群中的钠盐摄入量.

In order to study the feasibility and effect of health education and popularization of low sodium salt (LSS; NaCl 65%, KC1 25%, MgSO4·7H20.10%)on decreasing of levels of sodium intake, a three year quasi experiment in community was carried out. Two matched urban subdistricts (about 50000 residents) were selected for the experiment. An information delivery and working network was set up at the intervention site which leaders of the government participated in and was formed by combination of personnel of neighbourhood committee and groups,and the health centre to conduct a sries of intervention activities. The investigation on knowledge and behaviour , 3 day dietary surveys and measurements of Na and K excretion in three consecutive overnight urine before and after intervention in sample populations of intervention and control sites showed that the levels of knowledge of hypertension and salt were significantly higher in population at the intervention site than that at the control site, 70-90% of households and individuals at the intervention site used LSS, and average salt consumption decreased from 16g to 12g ,ratio of Na to K also decreased from 2. 4 to 1.4; while at the control site average salt consumption increased from 19g to 20. 5g and the ratio was about 3 with no change. The results of measurements of Na and K excretion in urine showed a tendency similar to salt consumption. The survey on communication channels indicated that the network had played a most important role in improvement of knowledge of hypertension and using of LSS. The findings from this study suggest that the strategy studied is feasible and effective in decreasing of sodium intake in population with high salt consumption.