松浦镜鲤[(散鳞镜鲤×德国镜鲤)F_1]主要经济性状及遗传特性

Genetic and economic characters of Songpu mirror carp [(Scatte ed ca p×Ge many ca p) F_1]

从1986至1990年,在黑龙江水产研究所松浦试验场,用本所培育的散鳞镜鲤与由联邦德国引进的德国镜鲤进行了品系间杂交,获得了一个形态与两亲本稍有不同,而生长等经济性状具有明显超亲优势的杂交种——松浦镜鲤。根据对体长、体高、头长、吻长、眼径、尾柄长和鳃耙数等16个可数、可量性状的测定。松浦镜鲤在头长、吻长、眼径、尾柄长和鳃耙数等5个性状上与双亲不同,而其它性状都界于双亲之间,体高、体厚偏向母本,而尾柄高、鳃耙数偏向父本。因此表现出头小、吻延长,眼径扩大,鳃耙数增加等有利运动和摄食,根据4年的池塘生长对照和抗寒、抗病测验,松浦镜鲤一至三龄鱼的越冬成活率分别比双亲高70.3％、116.2％和17.8％。池塘饲养成活率一至三龄鱼分别比双亲高10％、18.5％和14.7％。由于池塘成活率高,因此,群体产量一至三龄鱼分别比双亲高81.3％、63.6％和59.9％(三个池塘的平均值)。个体体重瞬时增长率一至三龄鱼分别比双亲快7.7％、6.5％和25.82％(三个池塘的均值)。含肉率比双亲均值高8.9％。

From 1986 to 1990, through crassing the scattered carp, which is a strain bred in the Institute, and Germany carp, a hybrid with heterosis was produced. The hybrid was different from its parent in five among 16 morphological characters, such as bcdy weight, body length, head length etc. The heterosis in growth of the hybrid had a direct bearing on the morphological changing. By the comparison of growing in ponds, diseuse resistance and cold resistance, the survival rate of 1 to 3 years old hybrids over winter is 70.3%,, 116.2% and 17.8% higher than its parent respectively. The survival rate of the 1-3 years old hybrid in pond culture (disease resistance) is 10%, 18.5% and 14.7% higher than its parent respectively. Thus the mass production in pond culture of the 1-3 years old hybrids is 81.3%, 63.6% and 56.9% (average in 3 ponds) higher than its parent respectively. The individual body weight gain of the 1-3 years old hybrids is 7.7%, 6.5% and 25.82% faster than its parent (average in 3 ponds) respectively.