建立冷水性鱼类天然种质资源库可行性研究报告

Ispect Report For Build natural Breed Resources Storehouse of Coldwater fishes

我国地处北纬35°以北和海拔千米以上国土,约占全国总面积的75％,在这广大的高纬度或高海拔地带的山区,林区河流、湖泊,多属水温常年偏低的冷水水域。其中栖息的冷水性或喜冷性鱼类初步统计有56种,隶属于11科30属。其主要经济种类有七鳃鳗科、鲟科、鲑科、茴鱼科、胡瓜鱼科、狗鱼科、鲤科及鳕科等8科中的20种。冷水性鱼类的特点为:对生态环境有其特定要求,常年生活在水温不超过20°、水质澄清、底质砂砾、砾石,溶氧含量较高的山林区流水水域;繁殖水温多在16℃以下;种群数量小,地区分布不平衡,肉食性种类多,生长速度快,肉质好,多属名特优鱼品。受种种原因的影响,现存冷水性鱼类种群数量减少趋势明显,有的种类已成珍稀或濒危状态。为了保护和增殖我国贵重的冷水性鱼类种质资源,并进而对若干经济种类逐步开发利用,经过调查,提出了在黑龙江省宁安县钻心湖建立冷水性鱼类天然种质资源库的可行性考察报告,阐述了多种主要冷水性鱼类的特性;钻心湖的水域环境基本情况,现有的基础条件,建库的规划设想及其经营方式与效益予测。供有关郎门参考。

In china's vast cold watar in habit 56 species coldwater fishes. There are 20 species of commercially important inland coldwater fishes, belonging to 8 famililies,such as Lampreys,Sturgeons,Salmons,Grylings, Smelts, Pikes, carps and cods. The colduwater fishes 9 am now referring to are some stenothemic fishes which live and propagate at a maxium temperature about 20℃ all the year round, and generally spawn below 16℃, These fishes are greater in number in the north than in the south. most of which inhabit the upper reach of rivers inforest regions and lakes, where the bottoms are sandy and gravelly and the speccds of the flow are either rapid or slow. This paper Summarized the present situation and problems in the utilization of chinas main Commerially coldwater fishes and also suggested the projects of coldwater fishery and the establishment of natural bleed resources storehouse