黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带和神木试区的环境背景及整治方向

The Environment Background and Administration Way of Wind—water Erosion Crisscross Region and Shenmu Experimental Area on the Loess Plateau

黄土高原土壤侵蚀最强烈地区出现于年降水量为400mm左右的水蚀风蚀交错地带,本区气候变化剧烈,植被稀疏,土壤侵蚀全年进行,为典型的脆弱生态环境区。春季风蚀强烈,夏秋暴雨侵蚀频繁,两者交替进行,相互促进,年均侵蚀模数多在10000t/km^2以上,境内的晋陕蒙煤田开发区为强烈侵蚀的中心,又为黄河下游河床粗泥沙的主要来源区。鉴于治黄和煤田开发的紧迫需要,神木试区即设于该地区,建立该试区进行环境整治的试验示范研究具有广泛的实际指导意义。综合分析神木试区的优势和劣势。以小流域为单元,探讨工副业与农业相结合,生态效益与经济效益同步发展,农林牧副业生产走向商品化,走向市场的新途径。

The most serious soil erosion in the loess plateau exists in the wind—water erosion crisscross region where the annual precipitaton is about 400mm. It is the typic fragile ecologic environment region showing that the climate change is very violent, the vegetation is very scattered and the soil erosion occurs in the whole year. In spring the wind erosion is very serious and in the summer and autumn the storm erosion is very frequent, wind erosion and water erosion occur alternatively and accelerate, which makes the erosion modulus above 10000t/km^2·a. The area connecting the Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and including the Shenmu experimental area is the most serious erosion centre of this region and main source of the coarse sediments of the Yellow River. In view of the urgency of the controlling Yellow River and the coal field development the Shenmu experimental area establishment for envionmental administration experimentdemonstration research has the extensive practical directing significance. By the comprehensive analyzing the superiority and inferiority and taking the small watershed as the unit it is discussed that new way of industry—subsidiary and agriculture combination, simultaneous development, of ecological and economic benefit agriculture forestry and animal husbandry are going forward to the commercialized and marketed