黑芝麻主要经济性状与产量关系的研究

STUDIES ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD AND MAIN ECONOMICAL CHARACTERS OF BLACK SESAME

用遗传相关、通径分析、逐步回归等方法对36份黑芝麻品种资源的7个主要经济性状与单株产量间的关系进行了统计分析,研究结果表明:各性状对单株产量的总贡献以千粒重为最大,其次是株有效蒴数,蒴粒数居第三,其它性状依次为株高、始蒴部位、果轴长度和空稍尖.其中千粒重、株有效蒴数和蒴粒数与单株产量的线性回归均达极显著水平,而其它性状则不显著.据此提出了在黑芝麻育种中应同时把提高千粒重和粒数作为主要目标,结合选择蒴果多结蒴密的单株,并兼顾株高的选择.在栽培上提出在合理的生长群体前提下,生长前中期要有较大的营养生长个体确保一定的株高,生长中期长势要稳以增加株有效蒴数和蒴粒数,后期不早衰以提高千粒重等措施是黑芝麻稳产高产栽培之关键.

The relationship between single-plant yield and 7 main economical characters from 36 varieties of black sesame was studied by correlation coefficient path analysis and stepwise regression methods in 1991. The results showed that 1000-grain weight was the best contributor to single-plant yield,and the next was efficient fruits perplant while grains per fruit was the third.The others were as follows:height of plant,height of first fruit setting,length of fruit setting and length of fruitless tip.And the partial linear regression coefficients of 1000-grain weight,ef- ficient fruits per plant and grains per fruit to single-plant yield were very significant. According to the consequences mentioned above,more attention should be paid to the increase of 1000-grain weight and grains per fruit which is the main aim in black sesame breeding,and the increase of efficient fruits is the second.Besides the height of plant should be taken into account,too. In cultivation,it is suggested that increasing the height of plant should be the first aim in vegetative growth phase under the condition of population equilibrium and the plant should grow stably in order to increase efficient fruits and grains in flowering and wither slowly to enlarge lO00-grain weight in late phase.