饲粮不同蛋白质、能量水平对两岁梅花公鹿生茸期鹿茸产量及体重的影响

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY ON THE ANTLER YIELD AND WEIGHT DURING THE ANTLER GROWTH PERIOD FOR TWO YEARS OLD MALE SIKA DEER

为探讨两岁梅花公鹿生茸期饲粮中适宜的能量浓度和粗蛋白质水平,本项研究选用72头试验鹿,于1992年3月18日至8月27日对两岁梅花鹿生茸前期和生茸期进行了饲养试验和消化试验。两者均采用2(CP∶21％和18％)×2(GE∶4.05Mcal/kg和3.85Mcal/kg)二因子交叉实验设计。试验饲粮均由玉米青贮饲料、玉米面、豆粕、熟大豆粉、麦麸、骨粉等组成。在饲养试验中期进行消化试验,以测定能量、粗蛋白质及粗纤维的消化率。试验结果表明,高蛋白质(21％)组的粗蛋白质和可消化粗蛋白质日食入量(448g,368g)明显高于低蛋白质(18％)组(404g,313g),平均产茸量无显著差异(分别为209g和202g)(P>0.05),平均体重略高于低蛋白质组(分别为18.3kg和17.7kg),但组间差异也不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验所设能量浓度范围内(2764～3092Kcal/kg)提高饲粮能量浓度并不增加鹿茸产量,体增重也无明显提高。试验说明,两岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮含粗蛋白质18.5％,可消化粗蛋白质14.5％,消化能2770Kcal/kg,蛋能比52g/Mcal,对产茸和体重增长较适宜,即两岁梅花公鹿生茸期平均产规格二杠茸200g以上,体重增加17～18kg时,每日需要采食粗蛋白质410g,可消化粗蛋白质315g,消化能6.1Mcal。消化试验结果表明,高能与高蛋白质饲粮有提高粗蛋白质、总能及粗纤维消化率的作用,低能与低蛋白质饲粮则有相反的作用。

In order to estimate the optimal dietary energy concentration and crude protein level during the antler growth period for two years old male sika deer, eeding and digestion trial were conducted with 72 male deer at this time. The deers were randomly assigned to 4 groups(each group 18 deers). All the deers were fed with one of the diets Containing 21％CP+4.05 Mcal/kg GE(for group 1), 18％CP+4.05 Mcal/kg(for group 2). 21％CP+3.85 Mcal/kg (for group 3) and 18％CP+3.85 meal/kg(for group 4). All the trial diets were composed of corn silage, corn meal, soybean residue,cooked soybean meal, wheat bran, bone meal etc. The resultes showed that the intakes of crude protein and digestible crud protein per deer per day were significantly influenced by dietary protein level. The CP and DCP intakes were higher for the 21％ protein level groups than for the 18％ protein level diet-fed. There were no significant difference between different groups in antler yield (P>0.05).The live weight gains of the 21％ CP groups were higher than those of the 18％ CP groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between them. The energy concentration had no significant effect on the antler yield and weigbt gain. They did not increase with increased energy concentration in diets. The resuhs of this experiments demonstrated that the optimal crude protein、digestible crude protein、digestable energy concentration and protein-energy ratio were 18.5％, 14.5％, 2770Kcal/kg and 52g/Mcal respectively. When the antler yield attained around 200g and the weight gain increased 17 to 18kg during the antler growth period, the requirements of crude protein, digestible crude protein and digestible energy of the deer were 410g,315g and 6.1Mcal per deer per day respectively. The results of the digestion trial indicatec that apparent digestibilities of crude protein, energy and crude fiber increased with increasing protein level or enerty concentration in diets. These digestibilities intended to decrease as dietary energy concentration and protein level came down.