小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量的遗传模型

Genetic Model for Protein and Amino Acid Content in Wheat Grain

采用6×6双列杂交设计,对小麦籽粒中蛋白质及其16种氨基酸的含量进行了遗传分析.结果表明,这些性状的遗传不仅受加性效应控制,而且也受非加性效应控制.除组氨酸外,其余性状均符合加性——显性模型.各性状加性分量D与显性分量H_1都达到显著程度.平均显性度(H_1/D)^(1/2)值表明,少数性状(如蛋白质、苯丙氨酸)为超显性,其余多数性状为完全显性(如甘氨酸、丙氨酸等)或不完全显性(如赖氨酸和丝氨酸等).在亲本中控制蛋白质、赖氨酸的隐性基因多于显性基因,但显性基因与隐性基因的频率相差不大.就其余性状而言,亲本中显性基因的频率则高于隐性基因的频率.

With a disign of 6×6 diallel crossing,genetic analyses for the content of protein and 16 kinds of amino acids in wheat grain were conducted, and the genetic components were evaluated and the genes distribution of each characters was revealed. The results indicated that the mean squares were in significant level and the heredity of protein and 16 kinds of amino acids was dominated not only by the additive gene effects, but also by non-additive gene effects. The genetic model of all characters went with the additive-dominant one except the histidine. The additive component D and the dominant component H, for each characterwere in significant level. The mean dominant value H1/D indicated that the heredity of a few characters (protein, phenylalanine) was dominated by over-dominant genes, while of some of the rest characters (glycine,alanine etc. ),by complete dominant genes, and of others (lysine, serine etc. ), by incomplete dominant genes. There were more recessive genes than dominant ones in the control for the heredity of protein and lysine though there was no significant difference in gene frequency. As for many other characters, the dominant gene frequency was higher than the recessive one.