旱地土壤的合理施肥——Ⅱ.有机肥料与化肥的合理配合

Rational Application of Fertilizers on Drylands Ⅱ. Application of Organic Fertilizer Rationally Combined with Chemical Fertilizers

化学分析及生物试验表明,有机肥料养分完全,但氮磷养分比例不协调,难以满足作物对养分的正常需求。有机肥料和氮肥配合起来,既能提高氮肥,也能提高有机肥料的肥效。但是,有机肥料和磷肥配合以后,有机肥料和磷肥中的磷素都难以充分发挥作用,肥效相应降低。其降低程度取决于土壤有效磷含量、有机肥料用量、有机肥腐熟程度及施用时期。根据有机肥料养分供应特点和生物试验结果,作者提出,有机肥料要和氮肥配合施,要和磷肥分开施。实践证明,这是充分发挥有机肥和化肥肥效的行之有效的措施。

Chemical analysis and biological experiments show that plant nutrients in organic fertilizerare complete, but they are out of harmony with plant uptake: too little N, but too much P. Forthis reason, organic fertilizer can not meet crop requirement for normal growth. Application oforganic fertilizer combined with N fertilizer, the efficiency for both N fertilizer and organicfertilizer will be raised. However, application of organic fertilizer with P fertilizer, the efficiencyof either P fertilizer or organic fertilizer will be reduced, the degree of reduction depending onavailable P in soil, organic fertilizer amounts, decomposition degree and application time oforganic fertilizer. Based on the characteristics of organic fertilizer and experiment results, theauthors point out that in order to raise fertilizer efficiency, organie fertilizer should be appliedtogether with N fertilizer, but separated from P fertilizer. Practice has proven that this is aprinciple of raising efficiency for both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers.