田间试验收获方法的改进与实践

Improvement of Harvesting and Threshing Method for Field Experiment and its Practice

田间试验的收获、脱粒不但费工费时,而且极易出错。如何收获部分样品,而又不损失试验小区所提供的信忠,取得可靠的试验结果?近几年来,我们对小粒作物采用下述方法,取得了良好效果。在收获时,由试验小区均匀选收部分植株,组成考察样本,鲜重为2～4kg。样本选好后,称重,晒干,脱粒,分别求得样本干重及粒重。与此同时,收获试验小区,求得全区鲜重。样本的干重与鲜重,籽粒与鲜重的比值乘以全区鲜重就可得出全区生物学产量(即总干重)及籽粒产量。多次比较试验证明,这种部分收获方法所获得的产量与实际产量有良好的一致性。它们之间的相对误差不超过2％。

The harvest and grain threshing for field experiment is not only time-and labor-consuming, but also convenient to make mistekes, whichmay lead to failure of the experiment.How to harvest part of the experiment plots with no loss of the information provided by the plotsto get correct results is still a problem. Recent years, we have used the following procedure toharvest small grain crope and have had good results: at the time of harvest, uniformly collectingabove-ground plants at different points from experiment plots to compose investigation sample(generally about 2～4 kg); weighing this sample immediately to have fresh weight, and thendrying and threshing to have dry matter and grain yields; at the same time, reaping whole plantsfor each plot to have its fresh weight. Based on all this information, the plot dry matter and grainyield of each plot could be calculated by multiplying the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight of thesample by the plot fresh weight or the ratio of grain to fresh weight of the sample by the plot freshweight. Comparative experiments have shown that there was a great agreement between theresults of part harvest and whole harvest, and the error between them was less than 2%.