渭北旱塬夏闲地聚水保墒耕作技术的研究

Research on Soil Tillage Technique of Accumulating and Conserving Soil Moisture in Summer Fallow Fields on Weibei Rainfed Highland

夏闲地聚水保墒耕作技术,是依据陕西渭北旱塬地区自然降雨的特点,于夏闲初经深耕整地后,按一定距离开沟起垄,垄上覆盖地膜,以利蓄水保墒的旱农耕作措施。多年的试验结果表明,这一耕作技术具有显著的聚水、保墒、增温和促进有机质矿化的效应,可使土壤环境改善,抗旱能力增强,使农作物生长健壮,产量大幅度提高,一般较平地不覆膜可增产粮食20％左右。垄作覆膜种玉米,边蓄边用,用中有蓄,变一熟为两熟,增产率达70％以上,是渭北旱塬提高自然资源利用率的一条新途径。

In accordance with natural rainfall law on Weibei Rainfed Highland,soil tillagetechnique for accumulating and conserving soil moisture in summer fallow fields treated withforrowing and ridging with a definite distance,covering the ridge with plastic film after landpreparation in the early time of summer fallow is the most effective soil moisture saving mea-sure for rainfed agriculture. Experiment results for many years show that this tillage tech-nique has a significant effect on accumulating and conserving soil moisture and increasing soiltemperature and encouraging mineralization of organic matter, improving soil environmentand increasing soil drought resistant capacity thereby to make field crops grow vigorouslyand yield increase significantly. In general,yield increase is 30% as compared with the fieldswithout multching treatment. Corn in the treatment of ridging covered with plastic filmchanges one cropping into double cropping a year and also combines soil water conservationwith utilization. Yield increase is over 70%. This technique is a new way to raise natural re-sources utilization efficiency on Weibei Rainfed Highland.